The VirTUAL Consortium (@VirTUAL_UoL) was part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union (grant number RIA2016MC-1606-VirTUAL) and ran from 2018 to 2024. The project was led by the University of Liverpool and brought together partners in Uganda (the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences [IDI} and the Joint Clinical Research Centre [JCRC]), South Africa (the University of Cape Town [UCT] and the Desmond Tutu Health Foundation [DTHF]) and Italy (the University of Turin). The objectives were to understand the drug-drug interaction between atazanavir-based antiretroviral therapy and rifampicin-based tuberculosis treatment, using a combination of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling, clinical trials and observational pharmacokinetic studies, population pharmacokinetic modelling. Impact was maximised by a dedicated stakeholder engagement workpackage, and activities were supported by capacity building activities.
Capacity building can be defined as the process of building sustainable abilities and skills enabling individuals and organisations enabling individuals and organisations to perform high quality research.
The capacity building embedded within VirTUAL included two PhDs in Pharmacokinetic Modelling at UCT. In addition, when Workpackage 1 lead, Marco Siccardi moved to a new role, the work package was led by PhD student at the University of Liverpool, Shakir Atoyebi, who incorporated several aspects of the physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling into his PhD thesis. Three Masters scholars in Clinical Trials were undertaken via the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and a Masters in Applied Mathematics at Makerere University. As the consortium reaches its conclusion, this blog aims to spotlight the VirTUAL scholars and demonstrate the value of embedding capacity building into research programmes.
PhD Scholars
Shakir Atoyebi
University of Liverpool

My PhD focused on developing physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to predict drug disposition in populations that are often less represented in clinical trials and with inadequate information to guide their drug dosing. I developed a pregnancy PBPK model for long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine to assess if approved adult doses for these drugs could maintain efficacious levels during pregnancy. In addition, I was also interested in evaluating the extent of fetal exposure to these drugs during gestation. Thus, a fetal compartment was incorporated into the pregnancy PBPK model to estimate the extent of fetal exposure to long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine also with comparison to their corresponding oral formulations. Lastly, I also developed pregnancy and paediatric PBPK models to explore the pharmacokinetics of modified dosing regimens of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir when co-administered with rifampicin. The goal was to identify the dosing regimen of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir that is likely to overcome the drug-drug interaction effect of rifampicin in pregnant women and children, respectively, who are co-treating HIV and tuberculosis.
With the aid of my scholarship, I was able to embark upon my PhD studies. In this period, I was able to improve my expertise and confidence in identifying important research gaps and designing studies to address vital research questions which are capable of significant impact to global health particularly for underserved populations. During my studies, I was able to acquire news skills and expertise while honing older ones. My unique experience has increased my confidence in collaborating to bring about positive change via research.
Allan Kengo

The PhD scholarship from VirTUAL was instrumental in my training, providing the opportunity to engage with leading experts, collaborate on groundbreaking research, and make significant contributions to personalized medicine. The knowledge and experiences gained have been invaluable, equipping me to advance the field of pharmacometrics and mentor the next generation of researchers. I was able to move back to Uganda to take up a postdoctoral pharmacokinetic modeller role at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, and so put all these skills into practice.
Kamu Gausi

The Virtual Consortium has given me an extraordinary, transformative opportunity to pursue my research and academic goals without financial constraints. The knowledge and skills I’ve gained during my PhD have not only shaped my career but also expanded my contributions to the field, and opening doors I never imagined possible. After graduating my PhD, I spent a further year at the University of Cape Town working on VirTUAL as a postdoctoral pharmacokinetic modeller before moving to my current role as a MIDD consultant at Pharmetheus.
Masters Scholars
Three scholarships were provided to undertake the MSc in Clinical Trials via LSHTM. After a competitive selection process, these were awarded to Ritah Nakijoba, research nurse; Isabella Kyohairwe, research nurse; and Shadia Nakalema, research medical officer.
Isabella Kyohairwe

Receiving the Virtual scholarship for a Master’s in Clinical Trials has been a fundamental moment in my career journey. The scholarship has opened doors to valuable networking opportunities, connecting me with experienced mentors who have guided me in my studies, career planning and growth. It has also enhanced my resume, making me a more competitive candidate for roles in clinical research.
Throughout the master’s program, I developed critical skills, including proposal writing, data analysis, dissemination of study findings, management, and leadership abilities. These enhanced skills have been crucial in my role as a study coordinator, where they have empowered me to manage and coordinate research projects with greater efficiency and effectiveness. Specifically, the scholarship and obtaining a masters in Clinical Trials has given me new job opportunities and notable achievements, such as winning the £5000 RSTMH early career grant 2023. This success highlights how the writing skills acquired during my master’s program have translated into tangible professional accomplishments. All in all, the support from the scholarship has tremendously helped me to move forward in my career and achieve my professional goals.
Ritah Nakijoba

I completed the online Master of Science in Clinical Trials at LSHTM, allowing me to work and study simultaneously. Over the two years, I improved my multitasking skills to meet deadlines effectively. The course modules offered specialized training in clinical trial design, data management, reporting and reviewing clinical studies, and writing study protocols. This program refined my research interests and prepared me to tackle the challenges of PhD research. The in-depth knowledge and essential skills gained have helped me design my PhD proposal and conduct data collection.
Shadia Nakalema

I undertook a Master’s degree in Clinical Trials. I enrolled for the distance learning program that is offered by the University of London. I was excited and quickly jumped at the opportunity as it came at a time when I was longing for career advancement. I was even more thrilled at the fact that I could keep my job whilst in school. The course was an easy choice for me because I was already participating in clinical trials. I however wanted to learn more about analysing and understanding decisions that affect the design, delivery and assessment of clinical trials. I was also keen on expanding my knowledge of key concepts in statistics and epidemiology. Because of the scholarship I received through the VirTUAL consortium, I can say that I am equipped to make my contribution in shaping the future of global health. Since completion of the course, I have published one first author and co-authored eight publications in the area of antiretroviral drugs in HIV. I have also had the opportunity to present some of our work at international conferences and meetings including the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, the Internal AIDS conference and the International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology. I am currently a study coordinator and PhD scholar at the Infectious Diseases Institute positions for which I heavily rely on skills I learnt during my training in Clinical Trials. Thank you VirTUAL Consortium!
Letisha Najjemba

Through the VirTUAL Consortium, I was able to pursue a Master’s degree in Applied Mathematics, where I focused on modeling the impact of preventive interventions for Malaria among Pregnant women in Uganda. My thesis, titled “Modelling Threshold Doses of Intermittent Preventive Therapy and Treated Bed Nets Utilization for Malaria among Pregnant Women in Uganda,” has allowed me to merge my passion for mathematics with real-world health challenges. This experience has been instrumental in shaping my career, providing me with the tools and confidence to contribute to the health and well-being of communities on a larger scale. I’m excited to continue using my skills to make a difference in public health.